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1.
Virol Sin ; 35(6): 785-792, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1217481

ABSTRACT

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms (AIIRs). Here, we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, during the treatment of 334 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in AIIRs was low (1.62%, 25/1544) due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene procedures. However, we detected viral RNA on the surface of foot-operated openers and bathroom sinks in AIIRs (viral load: 55.00-3154.50 copies/mL). This might be a source of contamination to connecting corridors and object surfaces through the footwear and gloves used by HCWs. The risk of infection was eliminated by the use of disposable footwear covers and the application of more effective environmental and personal hygiene measures. With the help of effective infection control procedures, none of 290 HCWs was infected when working in the AIIRs at this hospital. This study has provided information pertinent for infection control in AIIRs during the treatment of COVID-19 patients.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/transmission , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Hospitals, Isolation , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Air Microbiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/virology , China/epidemiology , Cross Infection/transmission , Environmental Microbiology , Health Personnel , Humans , Infection Control/instrumentation , Infection Control/methods , Pandemics/prevention & control , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Viral Load
2.
EMBO J ; 39(24): e105896, 2020 12 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-903069

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 is characterized by dysregulated immune responses, metabolic dysfunction and adverse effects on the function of multiple organs. To understand host responses to COVID-19 pathophysiology, we combined transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify molecular markers in peripheral blood and plasma samples of 66 COVID-19-infected patients experiencing a range of disease severities and 17 healthy controls. A large number of expressed genes, proteins, metabolites, and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) exhibit strong associations with various clinical parameters. Multiple sets of tissue-specific proteins and exRNAs varied significantly in both mild and severe patients suggesting a potential impact on tissue function. Chronic activation of neutrophils, IFN-I signaling, and a high level of inflammatory cytokines were observed in patients with severe disease progression. In contrast, COVID-19-infected patients experiencing milder disease symptoms showed robust T-cell responses. Finally, we identified genes, proteins, and exRNAs as potential biomarkers that might assist in predicting the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data refine our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical progress of COVID-19.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/pathology , Biomarkers/blood , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/virology , Female , Genomics/methods , Humans , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Male , Metabolomics/methods , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Severity of Illness Index , Viral Load
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